Optic nerve and Papilloedema

Optic nerve (cranial II)

If asked to examine the function of the optic nerve, one possible scheme
is AFRO: 3
AFRO
A Acuity
F Fields
R Reflexes (light/accommodation)
O Optic disc

Note: Do the optic discs last of all – using the bright light constricts the
pupil. PERLA is an acronym for Pupils Equal and Reactive to Light and
Accommodation.
Having examined the optic disc (or ‘papilla’) you may see it is choking in
fluid (choked disc = papilloedema). You will know this from the features
CCCP.


Papilloedema

The main features of the choked disc are given by CCCP.
CCCP
C Colour change…
C Contour and…
C Cupping imply…
P Papilloedema


Thanx to Dr.Khalid,London.

Acquired Cataract - Types

Types Of Acquired Cataract

Akki To Marry ACTRESS Katrina

Toxic

Osseous Diseases

Metabolic

Age (Senile )

Complicated

Traumatic

Radiation

Electric

Skin

Syndromes

Drugs causing cataract

Amiodarone

Busulphan

Chlorpromazine

Dexamethasone

Features of Behcet's Disease

ORAL UPSET

Occlusive periphlebitis

Retinitis

Anterior uveitis

Leakage from retinal vessels

Ulceration (aphthous/genital)

Pustules after skin trauma (Pathergy test)

Scratching leaves lines (dermatographism)

Erythema nodosum

Thrombophlebitis

Features of Keratoconus: CONES

Central scarring & Fleischer ring

Oil drop reflex / Oedema (hydrops)

Nerves prominent

Excessive bulging of lower lid on downgaze (Munson’s sign)

Striae (Vogt’s)